The document examines the impact of human activities on ecosystems, highlighting how population growth, deforestation, poor agricultural practices, industrial pollution, and waste disposal negatively affect renewable and non‑renewable resources. It explains the consequences of pesticides, fertilizers, greenhouse gases, and improper waste management on biodiversity, habitats, and human health, while also addressing pollution in marine and wetland ecosystems and its effects on eco‑tourism and small island economies. The text explores climate change, the greenhouse effect, and global warming, outlining their environmental consequences, and emphasizes conservation strategies such as recycling, alternative energy, and legislation to protect species. Finally, it discusses factors influencing population growth and survival, including birth and death rates, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors, providing a comprehensive overview of how human actions shape ecological balance and sustainability.